MOTHERS ON TWITTER (X): EXCHANGING SUPPORT AND NARRATING MOTHERHOOD

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol23.372

Keywords:

motherhood, mediatization, Twitter, X, portable community

Abstract

As almost all aspects of our lives, motherhood in the 21st century also is influenced and transformed by new media. Parents, especially mothers, use the Facebook, Instagram and even Twitter (X) as digital diaries, as stages for performing an ideal mother’s role, or even “safe spaces” to gain support and the feeling of empowerment. Recent research of motherhood discourses and mothering practices in social media has mainly focused on the evidence of mediation and mediatization. However, limited attention has been brought to examining Twitter in context of mothering. Therefore, this paper focuses on the narratives of a particular cluster of Latvian-speaking mothers on Twitter who use Twitter as a platform for exchanging informational, emotional and physical support, forming a “portable” community. The case study consists of a narrative analysis of 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews with mothers and a thematic analysis of 1111 tweets, gathered from 9 other public Twitter accounts (covering a period of 2 weeks), that have been identified by interviewees as part of this particular Twitter-bubble. The paper provides an insight into the narratives of women, voicing their motherhood struggles and victories in the “safe space” of Twitter’s “bubble” of new Latvian mothers, illuminating also a unique and unlikely use for an asymmetric and decentralized social media platform.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, W. (2018). Public Health Implications of #ShoutYourAbortion. Public Health, 163, pp. 35–41.

Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised. London: Verso.

Archer, C. (2019). How Influencer ‘Mumpreneur’ Bloggers and ‘Everyday’ Mums Frame Presenting Their Children Online. Media International Australia, pp. 47–56.

Archer, C., & Kao, K. (2018). Mother, Baby and Facebook Makes Three: Does Social Media Provide Social Support for New Mothers? Media International Australia, 168(1), pp. 122–139.

Chae, J. (2015). “Am I a Better Mother Than You?”: Media and 21st-Century Motherhood in the Context of the Social Comparison Theory. Communication Research, 42(4), pp. 503–525.

Chalklen, C., & Anderson, H. (2017). Mothering on Facebook: Exploring the Privacy/Openness Paradox. Social Media + Society, 3(2).

Chayko, M. (2007). The Portable Community: Envisioning and Examining Mobile Social Connectedness. International Journal of Web Based Communities, 3(4), pp. 373–385.

Christopher, K. (2012). Extensive Mothering: Employed Mothers’ Constructions of the Good Mother. Gender & Society, 26(1), pp. 73–96.

Das, R. (2019). The Mediation of Childbirth: ‘Joyful’ Birthing and Strategies of Silencing on a Facebook Discussion Group. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 22(5–6), pp. 495–510.

European Parliament, B (2022). Flash Eurobarometer 2832 (News & Media Survey 2022). Cologne: GESIS. Available: doi:10.4232/1.14012

Eurostat (2021). Individuals – Frequency of Internet Use. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ISOC_CI_IFP_FU__custom_2314659/bookmark/table?lang=en&bookmarkId=94c12e74-1b7c-46fb-9bc3-189fec098307 (viewed 05.01.2023.)

Ewing, L., & Vu, H. (2020). Navigating ‘Home Schooling’ during Covid-19: Australian Public Response on Twitter. Media International Australia, 178(1), pp. 77–86.

Fox, A., & Hoy, M. (2019). Smart Devices, Smart Decisions? Implications of Parents’ Sharenting for Children’s Online Privacy: An Investigation of Mothers. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 38(4), pp. 414–432.

Gemius (12 September 2022). Gemius. Available: https://www.gemius.lv/agenturas-zinas/augusta-apmekletako-vietnu-top-20.html (viewed 05.01.2023.)

Grant, A. (2016). “#discrimination”: The Online Response to a Case of a Breastfeeding Mother Being Ejected from a UK Retail Premises. Journal of Human Lactation, 32(1), pp. 141–151.

Gruzd, A., Wellman, B., & Takhteyey, Y. (2011). Imagining Twitter as an Imagined Community. American Behavioral Scientist, 55(10), pp. 1294–1318.

Hays, S. (1996). The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Hepp, A. (2020). Deep Mediatization. London: Routledge.

Hepp, A., & Krotz, F. (2014). Mediatized worlds: Culture and Society in a Media Age. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Holiday, S., Densley, R., & Norman, M. (2020). Influencer Marketing Between Mothers: The Impact of Disclosure and Visual Brand Promotion. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 42(3), pp. 236–257.

Hyde, A. (2000). Age and Partnership as Public Symbols: Stigma and Non-Marital Motherhood in an Irish Context. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 7(1), pp. 71–89.

Jones, Q. (1997). Virtual Communities, Virtual Settlements and Cyber-Archaeology. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 3(3), n. p.

Kazyak, E., Park, N., McQuillan, J., & Greil, A. (2016). Attitudes Toward Motherhood Among Sexual Minority Women in the United States. Journal of Family Issues, 37(13), pp. 1771–1796.

Kerrick, M., & Henry, R. (2017). “Totally in Love”: Evidence of a Master Narrative for How New Mothers Should Feel About Their Babies. Sex Roles, 76, pp. 1–16.

Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. London: Sage Publications.

Lazard, L., Capdevila, R., Dann, C., Roper, S., & Locke, A. (2019). Sharenting: Pride, Affect and the Day‐to‐Day Politics of Digital Mothering. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 13(4).

Lee, Y.-J., & Chen, H. (2018). Empowerment or Alienation: Chinese and Korean Immigrant Mothers’ Perception of Mobile Media in Constructing their Social Role and Facilitating Parenting Practices in the US. Mobile Media & Communication, 6(3), pp. 390–406.

Lee, J. Y., Grogan-Kaylor, A. C., & Lee, S. J. (2020). A Qualitative Analysis of Stay-At-Home Parents’ Spanking Tweets. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, pp. 817–830.

Lehto, M. (2019). Bare Flesh and Sticky Milk: An Affective Conflict Over Public Breastfeeding. Social Media + Society, pp. 1–10.

Littler, J. (2020). Mothers Behaving Badly: Chaotic Hedonism and the Crisis of Neoliberal Social Reproduction. Cultural Studies, 34(4), pp. 499–520.

Locatelli, E. (2017). Images of Breastfeeding on Instagram: Self-Representation, Publicness, and Privacy Management. Social Media + Society, 3(2).

Lopez, L. K. (2009). The Radical Act of “Mommy Blogging”: Redefining Motherhood through the Blogosphere. New Media & Society, 11(5), pp. 729–747.

Mackenzie, J. (2018). ‘Good Mums Don’t, Apparently, Wear Make-Up’: Negotiating Discourses of Gendered Parenthood in Mumsnet Talk. Gender and Language, 12(1), pp. 114–135.

Matley, D. (2020). “I Miss My Old Life”: Regretting Motherhood on Mumsnet. Discourse, Context & Media, 37, pp. 100417–100424.

McArthur, J., & White, A. (2016). Twitter Chats as Third Places: Conceptualizing a Digital Gathering Site. Social Media + Society. 2(3)

McLuhan, M., & Fiore, Q. (2006 [1967]). The Medium is the Massage. An Inventory of Effects. Corte Madera, CA: Gingko Press.

Meng, B. (2020). When Anxious Mothers Meet Social Media: Wechat, Motherhood and the Imaginary of the Good Life. Javnost – The Public, 27(2), pp. 171–185.

Micalizzi, A. (2020). Exploring Gender and Sexuality Through a Twitter Lens: The Digital Framing Effect of the #Fertilityday Campaign by Female Users. Information, Communication & Society. Information, Communication & Society, 24(8), pp. 1157–1174.

Miller, T. (2005). Making Sense of Motherhood: A Narrative Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Moore, J., & Abetz, J. (2019). What Do Parents Regret About Having Children? Communicating Regrets Online. Journal of Family Issues, 40(3), pp. 390–412.

Morris, C., & Munt, S. (2019). Classed Formations of Shame in White, British Single Mothers. Feminism & Psychology, 29(2), pp. 231–249.

Mourkarzel, S., Caduff, A., Rehm, M., del Fresno, M., Perez-Escamilla, R., & Daly, A. (2021). Breastfeeding Communication Strategies, Challenges and Opportunities in the Twitter-Verse: Perspectives of Influencers and Social Network Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), p. 6181.

Mourkazel, S., Rehm, M., & Daly, A. (2020). Breastfeeding promotion on Twitter: A social network and content analysis approach. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(4), pp. 1–8.

Mourkazel, S., Rehm, M., del Fresno, M., & Daly, A. (2020). Diffusing Science through Social Networks: The Case of Breastfeeding Communication on Twitter. 15(8). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12).

Musk, E. (2023). And soon we shall bid adieu… Twitter post, 23 July, Viewed 20 November: https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1682964919325724673

North, L. (2016). Still a ‘Blokes Club’: The Motherhood Dilemma in Journalism. Journalism, 17(3), pp. 215–330.

Oldenburg, R. (1999). The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community. New York, NY: Marlowe & Company.

Orton-Johnson, K. (2017). Mummy Blogs and Representations of Motherhood: “Bad Mummies” and Their Readers. Social Media + Society, 3(2), pp. 1–10.

Scarborough, W. J. (2018). Feminist Twitter and Gender Attitudes: Opportunities and Limitations to Using Twitter in the Study of Public Opinion. Socius, 4.

Schoppe-Sullivan, S., Yavorsky, J., & Bartholomew, M. (2017). Doing Gender Online: New Mothers’ Psychological Characteristics, Facebook Use, and Depressive Symptoms. Sex Roles, 76, pp. 276–289.

Sevón, E. (2012). ‘My Life has Changed, but His Life hasn’t’: Making Sense of the Gendering of Parenthood During the Transition to Motherhood. Feminism & Psychology, 22(1), pp. 60–80.

Stewart, M. (2020). Live Tweeting, Reality TV and the Nation. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(3), pp. 352–367.

Sullivan, C. (2014). ‘Bad Mum Guilt’: the Representation of ‘Work-Life Balance’ in UK Women’s Magazines. Community, Work & Family, pp. 284–298.

Talbot, J., Charron, V., & Konkle, A. (2021). Feeling the Void: Lack of Support for Isolation and Sleep Difficulties in Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic Revealed by Twitter Data Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2: 393).

Tiidenberg, K., & Baym, N. (2017). Learn It, Buy It, Work It: Intensive Pregnancy on Instagram. Social Media + Society, 3(1).

Twitter (1 December 2022). developer.twitter.com. .Twitter.com: https://developer.Twitter.com/en/docs (viewed 05.01.2023.)

Twitter (30 August 2022). Twitter Inc. Retrieved from blog.Twitter.com: https://blog.Twitter.com/en_us/topics/product/2022/introducing-Twitter-circle-new-way-tweet-smallercrowd#:~:text=Tweets%20sent%20to%20your%20circle,cannot%20be%20Retweeted%20or%20shared (viewed 05.01.2023.)

Valtchanov, B., Parry, D., Glover, T., & Mulcahy, C. (2015). ‘A Whole New World’: Mothers’ Technologically Mediated Leisure. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 38(1), pp. 50–67.

Yam, S. (2019). Birth Images on Instagram: The Disruptive Visuality of Birthing Bodies. Women’s Studies in Communication, 42(1), pp. 80–100.

Zappavigna, M., & Zhao, S. (2017). Selfies in ‘Mommyblogging’: An Emerging Visual Genre. Discourse, Context & Media, 20, pp. 239–247.

Zhang, Y., Jatowt, A., & Kawai, Y. (2019). Finding Baby Mothers on Twitter. ICW: Web Engineering. 11496, pp. 211–219.

Downloads

Published

10.01.2024